# 文法閱讀筆記 05：疑問句型
# 一、問句的兩大類別
| 類別 | 中文 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | 是否問句 | 提問者只想確認資訊「是或不是」，期待封閉式的回答 |
| WH Questions | 資訊問句 | 提問者想獲得特定資訊，以 WH 開頭的疑問詞發問 |
疑問句本質上是由陳述句（五大句型）變化而來的結構，一樣有主詞、動詞等基本成分。
# 二、Yes/No Questions（是否問句）
基本規則：把句子裡的 be 動詞或助動詞移到句首。
| 陳述句 | 問句 |
|---|---|
| We're leaving before 10 o'clock. | Are we leaving before 10 o'clock? |
| The photocopy machine is on the first floor. | Is the photocopy machine on the first floor? |
| You can finish this report by the end of the week. | Can you finish this report by the end of the week? |
| You'd like to sample our new cupcake. | Would you like to sample our new cupcake? |
| You have been to Singapore.（have 為完成式助動詞） | Have you been to Singapore? |
特別注意 have/has/had 的雙重身份：
- 表示「完成式」時 → 助動詞，可移到句首造問句。
- 表示「有、擁有、吃」等實質語意時 → 一般動詞，不可直接移前。
- You have the key to the warehouse.（have＝擁有，一般動詞）→ 無 be 動詞、無助動詞可挪 → 需另外加 do/does/did。
沒有 be 動詞或助動詞時，須加上 do／does／did：
| 條件 | 使用 |
|---|---|
| 主詞非三單、時態非過去式 | do |
| 主詞為第三人稱單數 | does（後方動詞還原為原形） |
| 動詞為過去式 | did（動詞還原為原形） |
同理，do/does/did 若帶有明確語意（如 do housework、do yoga、do the dishes）就是一般動詞；只有純粹為了造問句 / 否定句而添加、不具語意的 do/does/did 才算助動詞。
# 否定問句 Negative Questions
在 Yes/No 問句中加入 not：
| 肯定問句 | 否定問句（正式，not 留在句中） | 否定問句（一般，not 提前縮寫） |
|---|---|---|
| Are we traveling on flight LF-307? | Are we not traveling on flight LF-307? | Aren't we traveling on flight LF-307? |
| Do you want some wine with your meal? | Do you not want some wine with your meal? | Don't you want some wine with your meal? |
not提前並與 be 動詞 / 助動詞縮寫，是較口語自然的講法；not留在句中則顯得正式拘謹。
# 附加問句 Tag Questions
結構＝陳述句＋逗點＋（相反語意的）be 動詞 / 助動詞＋主詞代名詞。前肯後否、前否後肯。
| 陳述句 | 附加問句 |
|---|---|
| Your car is still at the repair shop. | ..., isn't it? |
| Alan works at the desk next to Stacey.（無 be / 助動詞，肯定句） | ..., doesn't he? |
| Stella won't be present at the meeting.（否定） | ..., will she? |
| You don't want the battery replaced.（否定） | ..., do you? |
附加問句的主詞一定用代名詞，不可用一般名詞。
Negative questions 和 Tag questions 本質上都是 Yes/No Questions 的分支。
# 三、WH Questions（資訊問句）
步驟：① 先把 be 動詞或 do 動詞移到主詞前方（跟 Yes/No 問句一樣）② 依欲得知的資訊類型選定疑問詞，放到句首第一位。
# 常見疑問詞對應的資訊類型
| 疑問詞 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| what | 事物 |
| where | 地點 |
| why | 原因 |
| when | 時間（範圍較廣：年 / 月 / 日 / 季節皆可） |
| what time / what day / what date / what month | 特定時間單位（幾點 / 星期幾 / 幾號 / 幾月） |
| who（主格）/whom（受格，較正式）/whose（所有格） | 人（實務上主格受格常統一用 who） |
| which | 從特定範圍中做選擇 |
| how | 方法、狀態 / 情況 |
| how + 形容詞 / 副詞（how much/often/far/long/late/old/fast/many...） | 詢問程度 |
# 所有格 / 選擇類疑問詞的特別規則
whose 、 which 等本身是形容詞，修飾名詞時，要連同其修飾的名詞一起移到句首：
- This is someone's umbrella. → Whose umbrella is this?
- Ashley works for ___ travel agency. → Which travel agency does Ashley work for?
# 唯一的例外：疑問詞本身就是主詞
若疑問點恰好就是句子的主詞，不需要再把 be/do 動詞往前移（因為疑問詞已經在句首）：
- ___ translated this news article. → Who translated this news article?（不可說
Who did translate） - ___ is on the menu for today. → What is on the menu for today?
- ___ people live in the building. → How many people live in the building?
# 四、練習：直述句 → 問句改寫（45 題）
這是老師的「反應力」練習：給一句直述句，改寫成指定類型的問句。
| # | 直述句 | 問句類型 | 改寫後的問句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You need me to come to the studio. | Yes/No | Do you need me to come to the studio? |
| 2 | You turn on the air conditioner here. | WH（how，方法） | How do you turn on the air conditioner here? |
| 3 | You sell replacement parts of this model. | 附加問句 | You sell replacement parts of this model, don't you? |
| 4 | You went on your last vacation. | WH（where） | Where did you go on your last vacation? |
| 5 | The machine needs maintenance. | WH（how often，頻率） | How often does the machine need maintenance? |
| 6 | You recommend a tour package. | WH（which，選擇） | Which tour package do you recommend? |
| 7 | We should prepare some refreshments for the meeting. | Yes/No | Should we prepare some refreshments for the meeting? |
| 8 | Someone picked you up at the airport. | WH（who，主詞疑問） | Who picked you up at the airport? |
| 9 | You finished the report so quickly. | WH（how，方法） | How did you finish the report so quickly? |
| 10 | Sabrina organized the whole seminar alone. | Yes/No | Did Sabrina organize the whole seminar alone? |
| 11 | The project is likely to cost a lot. | WH（how much，金額） | How much is the project likely to cost? |
| 12 | Jenny needs to renew her visa. | Yes/No | Does Jenny need to renew her visa? |
| 13 | You have been working here. | WH（how long，時長） | How long have you been working here? |
| 14 | Mr. Maguire needs a copy of the contract. | 否定問句 | Doesn't Mr. Maguire need a copy of the contract? |
| 15 | The new tablet will be released. | WH（when） | When will the new tablet be released? |
| 16 | Jackson isn't able to pick up the orders. | WH（why，否定） | Why isn't Jackson able to pick up the orders? |
| 17 | You would like me to pick you up tomorrow morning. | Yes/No | Would you like me to pick you up tomorrow morning? |
| 18 | The secret to the best bubble tea is something special. | WH（what） | What is the secret to the best bubble tea? |
| 19 | You have already talked to the new manager. | 附加問句 | You have already talked to the new manager, haven't you? |
| 20 | We have some Bluetooth speakers in stock. | WH（how many） | How many Bluetooth speakers do we have in stock? |
| 21 | You have thought about cooperating with a travel agency. | Yes/No | Have you thought about cooperating with a travel agency? |
| 22 | You have a moment to review the document. | Yes/No | Do you have a moment to review the document? |
| 23 | You keep the office supplies somewhere. | WH（where） | Where do you keep the office supplies? |
| 24 | You would mind making me a copy of the manual. | Yes/No（客氣請求） | Would you mind making me a copy of the manual? |
| 25 | The grocery store closes this evening. | WH（what time） | What time does the grocery store close this evening? |
| 26 | We have interviewed this applicant before. | 否定問句 | Haven't we interviewed this applicant before? |
| 27 | I should come back later this afternoon. | Yes/No | Should I come back later this afternoon? |
| 28 | You can let me know the result of the interview. | WH（how soon） | How soon can you let me know the result of the interview? |
| 29 | Their cleaning services are affordable. | 附加問句 | Their cleaning services are affordable, aren't they? |
| 30 | You can help me clean the filter of the air conditioner. | Yes/No | Can you help me clean the filter of the air conditioner? |
| 31 | You are expecting some guests for the event. | WH（how many） | How many guests are you expecting for the event? |
| 32 | Nancy is the woman wearing a long skirt over there. | Yes/No | Is Nancy the woman wearing a long skirt over there? |
| 33 | Some department should be billed for the work. | WH（which，主詞疑問） | Which department should be billed for the work? |
| 34 | The electrical engineer position is still open. | 否定問句 | Isn't the electrical engineer position still open? |
| 35 | The award ceremony will take place somewhere. | WH（where） | Where will the award ceremony take place? |
| 36 | You could ask him to call me after class. | Yes/No（客氣請求） | Could you ask him to call me after class? |
| 37 | You got in touch with the interior designer. | WH（how，方法） | How did you get in touch with the interior designer? |
| 38 | You forgot to turn off the air conditioner last night. | 否定問句 | Didn't you forget to turn off the air conditioner last night? |
| 39 | Some people attended the meeting yesterday. | WH（how many，主詞疑問） | How many people attended the meeting yesterday? |
| 40 | You could send someone to help me with my luggage. | Yes/No（客氣請求） | Could you send someone to help me with my luggage? |
| 41 | We need to hire some temporary workers to do the work. | 否定問句 | Don't we need to hire some temporary workers to do the work? |
| 42 | The new kitchen chairs haven't been delivered yet. | 附加問句 | The new kitchen chairs haven't been delivered yet, have they? |
| 43 | You are interested in some kind of movie. | WH（what kind of） | What kind of movie are you interested in? |
| 44 | Emily needs something for her presentation. | WH（what） | What does Emily need for her presentation? |
| 45 | The president isn't going to give a speech at the meeting tomorrow. | 附加問句 | The president isn't going to give a speech at the meeting tomorrow, is he? |
# 五、重點整理
- 造問句的通則：找出 be 動詞或助動詞，移到句首；沒有的話，依主詞人稱與時態加上 do/does/did。
- have/has/had、do/does/did 都有「助動詞」與「一般動詞」兩種身份，要依語意判斷。
- 否定問句：not 可留在句中（正式）或提前縮寫（一般口語）。
- 附加問句：陳述句＋語意相反的 be / 助動詞＋代名詞主詞，前肯後否、前否後肯。
- WH 問句：先移動 be/do 動詞，再把對應的疑問詞放到句首；若疑問詞本身就是主詞，則省略移動 be/do 動詞的步驟。
- whose、which 這類形容詞性疑問詞，須連同修飾的名詞一起移到句首。
